3D print your brain, timelapse, high-res microfluidics, custom colors...-----make money online

today on Applied Science I'm going to

show you how to print some cool stuff

with this new formlabs printer including

a copy of your own brain using some

open-source software that I found so

let's start off by taking a look at a

time-lapse of how this printer works

this time-lapse shows about an

eight-hour print and you can see how the

machine works it maintains a puddle of

photosensitive resin and then uses a

laser to cure little bits of that resin

into solid material and pulls the part

out of the bath of resin now of course

it doesn't happen all at once like it's

shown in the time-lapse in slightly

faster or slightly closer to real time

you can see what the Machine actually

does it actually picks the part up out

of the resin for each layer and then

puts it back in and makes the next layer

so because of this it's actually very

easy to make a synchronized time-lapse

let me show you how I did it when the

printer is running the lid should be

closed but I'm going to open it up just

so you can see this when the printer is

running this tray moves back and forth

as part of the normal print process and

conveniently that means that we can put

a little micro switch here and every

time the tray comes over to finish a

layer it bumps the micro switch and I

bought a really cheap remote shutter

release for my camera from Amazon and

then just hardwired the micro switch up

to the switch contacts so it's basically

like every time that micro switch closes

it's just as if you were holding your

button your finger down on the shutter

release button and the reason this works

out well is because the camera has a

bulb shutter release setting so every

time the tray is over here the Machine

is printing and then when that layer is

done the tray moves away and comes back

so it's like you're releasing your

finger from the button and then putting

it back down so the shutter is open the

whole time that it's printing

conveniently this camera is a Panasonic

g85 and it will make a time-lapse

automatically in the camera so all I

have to do is set up the photo settings

like the size and how many frames per

second I want and then I actually get an

mp4 file right out of the camera the

wide range of parts that can be made on

this machine and a

especially the detail level of those

parts is really impressive let me show

you what I mean so at work for rapid

prototyping we have to have lots of

small detailed parts made on a regular

basis and until recently we've used an

external service to have these parts

made on industrial SLA machines it

probably cost hundreds of thousands of

dollars so can you tell which is which

in this photo one of these came from the

industrial half-million-dollar machine

or whatever and the other one came from

the forum - and we've done careful

measurements and everything and the

parts from the forum - are as good or

even better than the very expensive

external service parts let me give you

another example another thing that we

have to do at work is make little

microfluidic devices and what's cool is

we can print the passageways into the

part directly with the 3d printer so I

didn't drill these holes these were

printed in the part by the 3d printer of

course and it comes off the machine with

sort of a frosted finish and all I did

was lightly sanded on a piece of glass

with 600 grit then a thousand grit and

finished it up with a flap wheel with

some white Rouge and it makes an

optically clear component with five or

six hundred micron holes in it so if you

keep the hole in plane like if you don't

change direction you can print down to

about 500 micron passageways and if you

do change direction this one has like a

ninety degree Bend printed into it the

smallest channel size can get down to

about six or seven hundred micron maybe

800 in any case pretty remarkable you

can also have cork screws I mean the

things that you can print are very very

unlike the things that you could machine

are cast in any other way right so this

kind of opens the door for doing all

sorts of unusual microfluidic type

things pretty unreal that this is 3d

printed I mean if someone showed this to

me

10 years ago and said this is a 3d

printed part that came from a desktop

machine I definitely would not have

believed it if you're into 3d printing

you've probably downloaded things from

Thingiverse before but there's actually

another source of parts that's really

useful and

mcmaster-carr so you've probably noticed

that they have 3d models for a lot of

the parts on their site and a really

convenient thing to do especially for

pipe fittings I've found this is

actually really great for pipe fittings

download the step file import it into

fusion 360 and then save the STL and

fusion 360 will even import the like it

sends the STL directly to the formlabs

printer software automatically so the

whole process takes about two minutes

it's download convert right into the

printer software and then you can print

it out and the resolution is good enough

where you can print quarter-inch pipe

threads like this that thread together

just fine and if you put pipe sealant on

here and really clamp this thing down

you actually have a workable pipe

fitting formlabs has about 10 or 20

different materials that you can print

within this printer and one of the

materials is like a polypropylene

simulant so it's it has much higher

fracture toughness than typical clear

resins and quarter-inch pipe threads can

be printed and used directly and I

actually have one of these in my

sprinkler system right now holding back

you know 50 psi water pressure or

whatever so it's actually surprisingly

functional I really didn't think the

state of the art was this far along now

it does have its limits of course you

can't print an eighth inch pipe thread

is really pushing it if you put enough

pipe sealant on here and your pressures

aren't very high it will hold together

but that's pretty much getting up near

the limit nonetheless it it does give

you the possibility if you need some

kind of a weird fitting that has you

know quarter inch pipe on this side 3/8

pipe on this side and a hose barb over

here you can just download all those

parts from McMaster and merge them

together in fusion 360 and then print

the whole mess out I really like the

ability to print in sort of negative

space so for example this is a Tesla

one-way valve don't you've seen these

before I downloaded this one off of grab

CAD and the idea is that if you're

flowing a fluid this way the flow keeps

getting redirected into these side

channels and blown back at itself so

it's supposed to act like a one way

valve although this one doesn't

super well anyway you get a large flow

resistance in this direction and almost

no flow resistance or much less flow

resistance in this direction and again I

took all the parts from gap your grab

cat and just summed them together in

fusion 360 and printed the whole mess

out in one go and then just quickly

polish the surfaces up really a cool

technique I also like printing in

negative space for our sculpture stuff

so this is like a model of a few

windmills outside my office building and

there's really no way you could get this

since it's completely encased within

solid material I really like this

technique let's talk about the brain for

a sec so of course if you want to print

out a model of your own brain you'll

need some imaging data and pretty much

MRI is the way to go I used to work in

the brain imaging research field so I

happen to have quite a few scans of my

brain laying around and the starting

resolution is about 256 square by a

hundred and 24 it's kind of a standard

anatomical scan as they call it if your

brain and I searched around on the net

and found a really clear set of

instructions for how to use existing

software to make this work and so I'll

put this all in the link description or

in the video description of course let's

talk about the mechanics of how this

thing actually prints so you do need

support structures if you want to print

an object that has these huge overhangs

so even though the printer is gonna pull

this thing out of a bath of resin

you still need to support a thing like

this because it has such a high overhang

like the material itself just can't

suddenly appear out here it needs to be

supported and so the software

automatically adds all the supports

you'll need and that's fine and they

typically just break away it leaves

these little little blemish marks here

that aren't too big of a deal however if

you are you get more confident with how

the system works you can directly on the

platter of the machine and not use

supports so this object didn't really

need supports I printed this so that

this was flat on the base of the machine

and it pulled it out of the resin tank

and there isn't a single support

here so if thankfully the software

allows you to do things that are not

recommended and you can kind of decide

for yourself what the sort of risk

return ratio is however there's another

interesting gotcha you'll see that

there's a little hole here and I put

this here intentionally I actually cut

the STL file and made a hole here and

the reason is that if this is being

printed in this orientation this whole

area or this volume and here is air

locked and the way that the printer

works is it pulls this thing in and out

of the bath of resin and every time it

comes back down into the resin Bilby air

pressure trapped in here that's trying

to like blow the resin out of the bottom

and this can create some print quality

problems so if you want to print any

sort of a structure that has a sealed

cup shape you have to either vent it or

orient the cup in a way that the air can

get out there's also the ability to mix

up custom colored resins and so the form

lab supplies a kit with CMYK and you can

add the pigment to the resin to produce

anything you want and so I thought it

might be fun to do sort of like a wood

marquetry type thing with inlay so I

printed out the orange resin part and

then printed out these white parts and

just press them together and I it's just

zero clearance and I just shoved the

parts together and it's it's actually

pretty darn close on the first try and

see a couple of small problems here and

there but overall really nice in any

case after the printer is done the item

is covered in uncured resin right

because it's pulling it out of this

puddle of stuff so it's completely

coated in uncured resin

luckily getting it off is pretty easy

you can just dunk the part in isopropyl

alcohol and formlabs even makes a

specialized washer that you can put your

parts into and it swirls the isopropanol

around and then after that for some

resins like this clear resin you can be

done like that's it as soon as it's air

dry the parts fine I can touch it it has

a nice surface quality but you can also

post cure these by putting them into a

high temperature environment with 405

nanometer light and that will harden the

resin and give it slightly better

mechanical properties and form laws even

makes a specialized little oven with 405

nanometer LEDs in there looks pretty

cool because

the items fluoresce this is kind of an

interesting point right like if your if

you were designing a 3d printer system

like this and you're shooting your laser

light in here you don't want the laser

light to go all the way through the

material even though this looks clear

it's actually not clear to the type of

light that causes it to transform from a

liquid to a solid if you were gonna make

a coil like this it wouldn't work

because your laser beam would basically

go all the way through the part and then

cure all the coils you know it basically

make a solid vine so these this resin is

designed to stop 405 nanometer light and

fluoresce it you know probably 450

nanometers or something it's like kind

of like a light blue color so when it's

in the curing tank you can see it

fluorescing as a beast basically being

opaque to its cure wavelength kind of a

cool quirk next I downloaded this vortex

tube from grab CAD and printed it at

half scale it doesn't work that well but

you can kind of see it on the thermal

cam here to get an idea I mean at least

it's doing something if you haven't seen

these before it's this really cool thing

totally passive device no moving parts

and you blow compressed air into here

and it gets hot on one end and cold on

the other it seems like it's doing

something that shouldn't be allowed by

physics but if you think about it it's

actually making use of the kinetic

energy so it basically spins the air up

to a high speed and then when it slows

that air down on the hot end all that

kinetic energy goes into heating the gas

up and then it allows the stream to keep

moving the other direction where it

cools down because it's being

decompressed right like it's fast-moving

and then it's compressed and then as its

decompressing it cools down again so

you're basically using some of the

kinetic energy that's in the air stream

to do this heat movement like I say it

does work but it could use some tuning

there I was kind of thinking one of the

cool things we can do since the printer

is so good at printing like tiny

passageways is to make the smallest

possible vortex tube' right something

that you could power off of compressed

air and a can one of those canned air

dusters so I think that's going to be in

the works pretty soon oh I should

mention that the reason that this resin

is sort of orange tinted is

because it's a special high-temperature

resin formlabs says this is good for

like two or three hundred degrees C and

I was hoping that this vortex tube would

get hot enough to kind of you know push

the limits at least a little bit but

alas not quiet so we'll see if I can

improve the design to show off how

temperature resistant this material is

they even have a picture of a blowtorch

nozzle made of this material 3d printed

that is pretty cool

I printed this turbine fan in a material

that formlabs calls rigid it has their

highest modulus and also their lowest

fracture toughness but it's it's still

reasonable you can actually still push

the blades a little bit it doesn't crack

apart but they have a new material

coming out that's just now released a

true ceramic material you can print a

green ceramic right out of the printer

and then fire it in a kiln and get a

true ceramic part for really high

temperature applications

and what I want to do is mix that

ceramic resin with some other unusual

ceramic type things like for example

ybco superconductor and then fire it in

a kiln fuse it and anneal it and then I

could have like a 3d printed

superconducting structure and that

actually sounds pretty revolutionary to

me so that'll be coming up at some point

in the future along with some other

unusual applications for 3d printing I'm

kind of late to this whole 3d printing

game but I admit that it's pretty cool

now especially with a printer like this

okay see you next time bye

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