Extreme wood bending with ammonia----make money online

today on Applied Science I'd like to

talk about bending wood with a chemical

process so take a look at what we can

achieve here this is a quarter-inch

walnut dowel that I've tied into a knot

and it's rigid at this point but it was

of course flexible when I tied it into

this knot here we have a piece of blood

wood maybe about a sixteenth almost an

eighth of an inch thick

that I've bent into a helix this is an

even thicker piece of walnut that

started to come apart here but you can

see this piece started off almost 3/8 of

an inch thick fairly thick for bending

like this it also works on maple this

has just been stained by a piece of wood

that was laying next to it in the

treatment chamber I think this is also

blood wood and this one I sanded down a

bit so you can see that even though a

lot of these pieces of wood looks sort

of nasty on the surface here it's a

result of the treatment after just a

little bit of sanding it's it looks fine

underneath a lot of people would

consider this not really a DIY project

because it involves a very hazardous

chemical but of course there's no magic

involved so in this video I'm going to

talk about the process the basic idea is

to treat the wood with high pressure

ammonia gas and so to do this we need a

pressure chamber that can hold the

ammonia and the it's big enough to

contain the wood that we want to Bend so

in this case I'm using schedule 80 steel

pipe it's important to use a steel

vessel or stainless steel vessel because

the ammonia gas will corrode brass and

copper fittings and so all the valves

and fittings and pipe sections that I'm

using are all steel or stainless steel

for this project we only need to take

the ammonia gas up to about 150 psi

and so schedule 80 steel pipe is is

quite overkill for this I wanted to test

a variety of different materials and so

I tried particle board plywood a couple

different kinds of hardwood softwood I

also threw in a brass pipe fitting and a

piece of copper wire just to see how bad

the corrosion was going to be on those

items and I also tossed in a dollar bill

which I'll talk about later I added a

glass viewport so that I could see if

anything interesting

was going on during the process inside

there and then sealed everything up and

the next step is to remove the air

because the air is going to get between

the ammonia and the wood and not allow

it to react as well so I used a vacuum

pump to pull out as much air as possible

and with a micron gauge which shows very

low levels of vacuum you'll notice that

getting it lower than about 1,500

microns will be really difficult because

the water that's in the would you know

just naturally in the wood will start to

evaporate and keep the pressure about

1,500 microns so at this point I

disconnected the vacuum pump closed

batten valve and then opened the valve

that is connected to my tank of

anhydrous ammonia now we don't need the

liquid in this case really what we want

to do is just flow the gas into the

chamber and just keeping the bottle

upright and opening the valve hole you

know draw the gas out and you can see it

flowing in here I know that the gas that

I this is actually ammonia that I

created in a previous video and it's

probably quite wet there's there's

probably a lot of water vapor mixed in

with the ammonia so you can see as the

gas flows into the chamber it's sort of

raining inside there probably because

the water is condensing on the walls

the pressure in the system will depend

on the ambient temperature in the room

so the warmer it is the higher the

pressure in the ammonia bottle and that

will make the pressure in the chamber

higher so if you need a little bit more

pressure you can use a hot-air gun to

heat up the ammonia bottle and get more

pressure in but it's still just gas

flowing from the bottle to the chamber

after reaching this pressure I shut all

the valves on the chamber and just let

it sit overnight without ever heating

the chamber itself so it was always at

ambient temperature however I should

note it was interesting when the ammonia

was added the chamber itself became

hotter all by itself it was the process

of the ammonia dissolving into the water

that's in the wood and this actually

releases quite a bit more heat than you

might think so the metal pipe you know

the steel pipe probably got up to about

I don't know 100 or 110 F just just from

the reaction of the ammonia going into

the water

I removed the wood samples and found

that the particle board and plywood

didn't work at all I thought that the

plywood might be interesting cuz the

layers would kind of slide past each

other but it doesn't do that at all it

just falls apart the copper wire and

brass fitting were definitely corroded

but it's not like they turn to powder or

anything like that I'll talk about the

dollar bill in a future video and then

also surprisingly the softwood which was

some kind of pine didn't really soften

that well either it just snapped

however the hardwood samples all did

pretty well some of them were quite

flexible indeed in order to make the

arcs and the helixes I just wrapped them

around a cylindrical object and just

clamped it at two points it really

doesn't take much and for the most part

the wood held together if you bend it

too tightly it will start to snap but

it's quite flexible you can easily bend

it with just hand strength after a few

hours in the clamped position the

ammonia dissipates and the wood returns

to almost its original strength or it

certainly becomes stiff like it

originally was this makes it really

useful and there's not very much spring

back either so if you put it into the

mould and then take it out you don't

really have to compensate very much for

the for the wood springing back to its

original shape the reason that this

process works is because the ammonia

entered

years with the molecular bonding inside

the wood so the thing that gives the

wood its structure is lignin and

cellulose which are manufactured by the

plant to help give it its structure and

I couldn't find a definitive reference

on this but it seems like the ammonia

gets sort of in between the hydrogen

bonds that are in the lignin especially

so while the ammonia is there it's sort

of taking the place that those hydrogen

bonds normally would between different

parts of the lignin molecules and this

means that the molecule can slide past

it the other neighboring lignin

molecules you basically unglued the wood

from itself almost but then once the

ammonia leaves all that hydrogen bonding

resumes in its new shape and now you

have a stiff piece of wood again in the

bent form a clever person came up with

an idea for a product that makes use of

this if you soak a piece of wood in

ammonia and then seal it up in a bag you

can sort of sell that whole thing as an

object and then the end user can bend it

into whatever shape they want and they

just have to pierce the bag and let the

ammonia dissipate and then they have

wood in whatever shape they need so I'll

put a link to the patent in the

description of the video and

interestingly that patent just expired

in the last year or two so you can buy a

product now on Inventables that I think

uses this process I haven't bought it

myself and so I don't know for sure but

they market it as bendable wood you bend

it into whatever shape you want and then

it somehow hardens and so it might

actually be this very process for those

of you who saw my last video in which i

made Samman hydrous ammonia you'll

recognize this was the pressure tank

that I was using at the time and then

someone pointed out in the comments

you know those tanks aren't welded

that's actually a brazed

seam here and sure enough I scraped the

paint away and looked at it and yeah

it's braised so the next day I went out

to the shop and put this back into the

freezer to liquify what was in here and

I went in with the gauge actually I

first noticed them it looks like a lot

of the blue paint kind of came off

that's weird and then I went in here

with the gauge or the plug remover and

unscrewed it and heard snap

sure enough the anhydrous ammonia had

corroded the little pin which is brass

that the safety valve is made from and

under the microscope you can see it's

covered in

is really brilliant blue actually wiped

most of it off unfortunately but a

really interesting sort of ammonia

complex there and so while I was trying

to figure out what to do I kid you not

the freezer stopped working so at that

point I had about an hour to find

another container or you know throw the

ammonia outside or something or run away

or something so I ran around the shop

and found this which is actually an

all-aluminum high-pressure paintball

tank and I threaded this on the lathe as

quickly as I've ever threaded something

and got it all together and then filled

this up with the ammonia so I don't know

I tried to find out if aluminum is

actually sort of an okay material to

hold anhydrous ammonia and couldn't

actually found conflicting references on

the web so in any case this isn't going

to be permanent storage I'll probably

use this up and then empty it and use

the tank for something else

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