Ruby laser (and other projects) follow-up-----make money online

this week on Applied Science I'd like to

give a follow-up on my Ruby laser

project and also I'd like to welcome the

new subscribers that Nighthawk and white

sent my way a Nighthawk and white has a

really great YouTube channel and I'll

put a link in the description and if

you're curious more about my background

check out the embedded fm podcast on

which I was recently interviewed okay

let's check out the Ruby laser before we

get into the details let's take a look

at some footage of this bad boy in

action so here the beam is focused on to

a standard single edged steel razor

blade and as you can see the laser makes

it through in one pulse so a ruby laser

is pulsed unlike a typical co2 laser in

a laser cutter which is more or less a

continuous beam here the laser is

focused onto a stainless steel kitchen

knife this is substantially thicker than

the razor blade and as you can see the

laser doesn't make it through the knife

although it does leave a weld site so it

could potentially be used to weld

something of this thickness here's the

laser focused on to a free-standing

piece of hardwood this is walnut and if

you look carefully you can see that the

walnut actually drops backward from the

force of the laser blast what's

happening here is the wood is being

vaporized and all the gas emitted from

that crater basically that the laser is

creating forces the wood backwards a

ruby laser works by discharging a flash

tube near a ruby rod in this case the

flash tube is coiled up into a helix and

the Ruby rod is running down the middle

of the helix and when this happens with

enough light the rod actually emits red

light out the ends and if we put two

mirrors on either end that are very

carefully aligned the light will bounce

back and forth between the mirrors going

back through the rod many times and

being amplified as it does so and the

front mirror is only partially

reflective so we actually get a beam of

light coming out the front whereas the

back mirror is fully reflective and in

this case I just have a plain old glass

magnifying lens here at positive focal

length lens and so the beam comes out

straight here and then hits the lens and

focuses down to a point and the point is

we're inputting the object that I want

to drill a hole in so the razor blade or

whatever and so basically this entire

system

just a very elaborate photo flash it's

basically one of these

it's just beefed way up so the amount of

you know powered voltage in one of these

might be you know a few hundred volts

and maybe 50 or a hundred joules and the

voltage for this is nearly six thousand

volts and we're carrying close to eight

thousand joules discharge times are

approximately the same so if this thing

is going to discharge about eight

thousand joules it does it in two

milliseconds so the average power into

the flash two is four megawatts there's

actually an inductor back here to smooth

this out so you may know that if you

take a capacitor bank and just discharge

it through a very low resistance thing

you'll get a huge amount of current

first and then it kind of tapers way

down but we don't want that because this

thing could take tens of megawatts at

the in the first instant its discharging

and then it kind of tapers way down we'd

like this just to be on constant

brightness one so we don't blow the tube

up but also just so that we get sort of

even pumping for this entire two

millisecond duration the other major

component is a cooling water system

which is here this is a recirculating

tub of water with a pump and a chiller

and that's so that we can keep the Ruby

rhod and flash tubes submerged in cool

water with you know eight thousand

joules going through this thing at every

pulse we need to carry that heat away

around all the internal components here

will melt and it actually leads us to

the problem of why this laser is not

working right now so let's zoom in and

I'll show you what the status is in

normal operation this entire vessel is

sealed up and the end caps are set up

like this with an o-ring on the inside

there that seals against the Ruby rod

and that way I can submerge this entire

cavity with water and so you can see the

hose fittings coming off the top here on

inlet inand outlet and then the hoses

here going down to the water circulator

I tried to run this dry when I was first

starting out the project and it's

impossible so I had silicone

high-temperature rings in the end plates

like this holding holding the Ruby rod

and sealing like that and after one shot

the half of the o-ring was completely

vaporized so I realized that I would

have to have water in contact with this

it is just no other way around it and so

I used silicone to seal

this cavity shut and as you can see it's

nice and shiny inside there so that when

the flash tube goes off we try to save

as many photons as possible and get them

to go into the Ruby rhod so this thing

was working great and I took this to

Maker Faire in 2014 and ran it for maybe

about an hour at the fair and then had a

problem I didn't realize it but there

was some dirt on the inside of this

cavity here it might have been sealant

it squeezed out or grease or something

but it started to vaporize and it made a

dark spot on the front of the Ruby rod

which I didn't notice and so then on

subsequent firings that dark spot

absorbed so much energy it actually

damaged the face of the of the rod here

and so I think it would probably still

work I haven't tried to run it since

having the the rod damaged but I maybe

I'll put it together and try it or maybe

I'll try to find a surface to our

service to resurface the Ruby rod this

plastic bit here is an insulator so that

when the metal container with the rod

and everything is on here I can zap this

with the high voltage pulse to initiate

the discharge and I don't have to

connect the rest of this metal to the

high voltage source also keep in mind

that the alignment of the two mirrors is

very critical but the alignment of the

rod is actually not so bad

because the two faces are parallel to

each other so even if the whole rod is

turned like this a light beam going in

will just move over a little bit and

shoot out in the same direction so it

should be aligned with the rod in place

but again if something in here moves

it's not that critical so the whole

plastic mounting system doesn't really

affect the accuracy it's it's really the

metal bits here and speaking of

alignment the way that this is aligned

is to put a helium-neon laser in the

front and shoot it into the Ruby laser

and then adjust the knobs here and what

will happen is when the alignment system

shoots the helium-neon laser back into

itself

there'll be an interference pattern

created let's take a look at some other

projects this is my cooking machine the

idea is that it holds ingredients in all

of those hoppers that you can see there

and then dispenses then in quantity is

small enough so that you can make a

single cookie and this way you can have

a cookie sheet full of cookies each one

with a different recipe because you can

dispense the ingredients

each one individually I made this for

Maker Faire 2013 and it's still more or

less works I think the butter holder

actually broke or the butter dispenser

but other than that it's fine and if I

were going to come back to this project

the next thing to do is to build a mixer

so dispensing all the ingredients is

difficult but not terrible but mixing

them together and then squirting them

out onto the baking sheet without losing

any of it is quite difficult because you

know cookie is only maybe a tablespoon

or two of volume and then some people

have suggested well you should couple it

up to one of those conveyor belt ovens

and so they think you just plop the

cookie down you know mixed in everything

and then send it through the oven so

it's literally like a push 1 1 click on

demand hot cookie dispenser so if I ever

come back to that though that will be

the next development this is my home

built scanning electron microscope that

I built in 2011 most of the images that

you've seen from scanning electron

microscopes on my channel have come from

an early 1980s commercial scope but

actually built this one prior to getting

a commercial scanning electron

microscope so let's take a look at some

of the images from this one this is a

mechanical wristwatch this one is a

pocket watch this is a MEMS

accelerometer and this is a gold

necklace chain as you can see the

resolution isn't very high the whole

project was done just for proof of

concept it was a lot of fun to build a

scanning electron microscope and the

learning that I got out of it was really

worth more than any image I could create

with it so as you can see I've taken to

the part and the column is down in the

bucket of parts there on the floor and I

was actually using the chamber for

something else and so now I have a much

better vacuum pump with turbo molecular

pump on there and occasionally I'll use

this vacuum chamber for other

experiments coming up soon on my channel

will be experiments using extremely high

pressure chambers I've always wanted to

create like a 100,000 psi environment

there's quite a lot of weird things that

happen when pressures get that high so

stay tuned for more stuff involving

pressure ok see you next time byeTop Paid Keyword :  earn cash online, google make money from home, earn money online without investment by clicking ads, free earn money website, online money making jobs, earn money online without investment by typing, online work for money, best online earning sites, make money online with google, online earning websites, money making websites, online earning websites for students, invest online and earn money, best online money making, online money income, view ads and earn money without investment, earn money online by clicking, online money income site, money earning sites, online earning sites, best website to earn money, free money earning sites, money earning websites, get money online, online earning tips, online earning without investment, earn money online without investment for students, earn money by clicking ads, earn money online without investment,